Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds calculator. Sagovsky the edinburgh postnatal depression scale has been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect mothers suffering from postnatal depression. Selftest for depression symptoms in pregnancy and postpartum edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds jl cox, jm holden, r sagovsky, department of psychiatry, university of edinburgh 1987 module 6 name. The scale can be used at six to eight weeks after birth or during pregnancy. Answer the following ten questions by choosing the appropriate response. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale was first developed 1987 by scottish health centers in edinburgh and livingston. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds taken from the british journal of psychiatry june, 1987, vol. The epds is now wellestablished for use in both the prenatal and postpartum periods in women and has been translated into several languages. Subscales measuring symptoms of nonspecific depression, anhedonia, and anxiety in the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. The epds may be used at 68 weeks to screen postnatal women or during pregnancy. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a short 10item self report questionnaire designed to identify mothers at risk for prenatal and and postnatal depression. Note that some pdfs can be quite large and may take several minutes to download.
As described in the introduction, these are the widely accepted cut. Download or order screening and print materials from the saskatchewan prevention institute at. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds developed to assist primary care health professionals in detecting mothers suffering from postnatal depression that might otherwise go undetected. To correctly take this postpartum depression test, please select the answer which comes closest to how you have felt during the past 7 days only not just how you feel today. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale black dog institute. Using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale to screen. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale1 epds adapted for fathers postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a questionnaire originally developed to assist in identifying possible symptoms of depression in the. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is commonly used as a screening tool but a single, direct question on depression may offer. In addition, it has been identified as the most frequently validated instrument to screen for perinatal depression, and in 2014 the epds had been validated against a diagnosis of depression.
To describe the use of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds in screening for anxiety and depression in the community and to provide referral pathways. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is most frequently used in the research setting and clinical practice for several reasons. However, across studies the psychometric properties and cutoff scores of the epds have varied considerably. A recent study indicated that the epds may be further abbreviated to a three question version which can be used to screen for postpartum. It also has adequate sensitivity and specificity to identify depressive symptoms in the antenatal period and is useful in identifying symptoms of anxiety. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds ucsf fresno. A screening questionnaire to check for depression during the postnatal period. Diagnostic accuracy of the edinburgh postnatal depression. It has been utilized among numerous populations including u. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale in multiple languages authorowner. The bengali adaptation of edinburgh postnatal depression scale. The scale must be copied in full and all copies must acknowledge the following source.
After extensive pilot interviews a validation study was. Please select the answer that comes closest to how you have felt in the past 7 days. Early identification of postnatal depression is important in order to minimize adverse outcomes. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds cox et al.
This tool which is for identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression is available in multiple languages. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale1 epds adapted for. For the purposes of this toolkit, the edinburgh postnatal depression scale was selected due to its high specificity, high predictive value and its validation in numerous countries and languages. As you are having a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was originally created as a unidimensional scale to screen for postpartum depression ppd. Developed as the edinburgh postnatal depression scale and validated for use in both pregnancy and the postnatal period to assess for possible depression and anxiety. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a questionnaire originally developed to assist in identifying possible symptoms of depression in the postnatal period. Holden, r sagovsky 1987 this 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period. It is strongly recommended that this set of questions is completed with. Accuracy of the whooley questions and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale in identifying depression and other mental disorders in early pregnancy volume 212 issue 1 louise michele howard, elizabeth g. This is not intended to provide a diagnosis only trained health professionals should do this. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds1 the questionnaire below is called the edinburgh postnatal depression scale edps the edps was developed to identify women who may have postpartum depression. The child health clinic, postnatal checkup or a home visit may provide suitable opportunities for its completion.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale detects but does not distinguish anxiety disorders from depression in mothers of infants. It consists of 10 items, each scored from 03, with higher total scores being indicative of increasing distress green, 1998. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination. Postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing and rates of helpseeking for postnatal depression are generally low, making screening important. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox. Increasingly there is evidence that for many women, and men, anxiety disorders can occur postnatally in the absence of depression.
I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things. Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale may be photocopied by individual researchers or clinicians for their own use without seeking permission from the publishers. Ryan, kylee trevillion, fraser anderson, debra bick, amanda bye, sarah byford, sheila oconnor, polly sands, jill demilew, jeannette milgrom, andrew pickles. Cox jl, holden jm, sagovsky r 1987 detection of postnatal depression. These limitations may also be relevant to a consideration of the zung depression scale zung, 1965 for use in the puerperium. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things 6. Please circle the number next to the answer which comes closest to how you have felt in the past 7 days, not just how you feel today. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds manual 2nd revised edition pdf our services was introduced with a wish to function as a complete on the web electronic digital collection that offers entry to multitude of pdf file document collection.
Download the bengali adaptation of edinburgh postnatal depression scale book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds screens for postpartum depression with a sensitivity of 59% to 100% and a specificity of 44% to 97%, with variation due to geographic location of studies, cutoff scores chosen, and reference standards used for diagnosis sor. Accuracy of the whooley questions and the edinburgh. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is commonly used as a screening tool but a single, direct question on depression may offer an alternative means of identifying women in need of support. Checklist adapted from the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Content on this page requires a newer version of adobe. This 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period. Please mark the answer which comes closest to how you have felt in the past 7 days, not. To be useful as a screening test for depression following childbirth, therefore, a selfreport scale must be fully acceptable to women who may not. Development of the 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has been established as a useful screening instrument for detection of women at risk for depression in the perinatal period 2, 3. It is a selfreport questionnaire now used in many countries to screen for postnatal depression. The 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most commonly used screening tool in pregnancy and postpartum. The epds should be performed at the booking visit, and at around 32 weeks gestation or at any stage there is a midwife or client concern. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds pdf file 408 kb links to english resource summary. As you have recently had a baby, we would ike to know how you are fee ing. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale in multiple languages. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds cox jl, holden jm sagovsky r 1987 detection of postnatal depression. It was originally validated against psychiatrist diagnoses of.
Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds for use between 28 32 weeks in all pregnancies name. Please mark x in the box next to the answer which comes closest to how you have felt in the past 7 days not just how you feel today. Read online the bengali adaptation of edinburgh postnatal depression scale book pdf free download link book now. Detection of postnatal depression development of the 10ztem edinburgh postnatal depression scale j. The spanish version was developed at the university of iowa based on earlier.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds since you are either pregnant or have recently had a baby, we want to know how you feel. Cox 1990 also known as the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. Is the edinburgh postnatal depression scale an effective. The scale, which has been translated into 50 different languages, consists of 10 selfreported questions that are health literacy appropriate and take less than 5 minutes to complete. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 783 appear to lack face validity. The factor structure of the epds seems to differ across. The edinburgh post natal depression scale instructions. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 1 epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. The information in brackets gives the format and file size if known. The epds is not a diagnostic tool and must always be used in conjunction with clinical assessment.
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